Part of the educational program Bridging Specialties®: Timely Diagnosis and Treatment for Refractory Chronic Cough, this activity explores emerging scientific insights and therapeutic advances shaping the management of refractory chronic cough (RCC). Despite appropriate evaluation and treatment of common etiologies, many patients continue to experience persistent cough consistent with cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Advances in understanding ATP–P2X3 signaling and neural mechanisms have reshaped the conceptual framework for RCC and informed the development of emerging therapies. This activity reviews the neurobiology of cough hypersensitivity, current management gaps, and the evolving therapeutic landscape. Clinicians will gain insight into mechanism-based care strategies and patient-centered counseling considerations in RCC management.