语法 (grammar)
1. (A) 离 (B) 多远? How far is A from B?
2. (A) 怎么样? How's A?/What do you think of A?
3. (verb)关于 (A) 的 （noun). eg. Talk about Japanese stuff. 聊关于日本的事情
4. 把 (A) 放在 (B) (上,下 etc) eg. 把苹果放在桌子上. You CAN'T SAY 放苹果在桌子上!
词 (words)
start again 重新开始 chong2 xin1 kai1 shi3 note - 重 has 2 pronunciations
culture 文化 wen2 hua4
history 历史 li4 shi3
kill 杀 sha1
for a lifetime 一辈子 yi2 bei4 zi5 (don't say 一 as yi1 in this case)
accompany 陪 pei2
apart from 除了。。(以外) chu2 le5 ....yi3 wai4 note - 以外 is optional
change 改变 gai3 bian4
have knowledge of/deeply understand 了解 liao3 jie3 eg. I don't know much about Japan 我不太了解日本
polite/politeness 礼貌 li3 mao4
To wrap 包装 bao1 zhuang1
to describe 描述 miao2 shu4
sand 沙子 sha1 zi5
show 表示 biao3 shi4 i.e. what something represents or conveys
carcass/corpse 尸体 shi1 ti3
specimen 标本 biao1 ben3
nature/natural 自然 zi4 ran2
trash/rubbish 垃圾 la1 ji1 trash can 垃圾桶 la1 ji1 tong3
machine 机器 ji1 qi4
ice cream 冰淇淋 bing1 qi2 lin2
everywhere (something) 哪里都有 na3 li3 dou1 you3 到处都有 dao4 chu4 dou1 you3