to look at the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. In this episode, we will introduce the series and take an in-depth look at the city-state of Gao and the rise and fall of the Ghana Empire.

We'll also discuss one of the more complicated and difficult topics in Islam: African Slavery.

After the show is over, be sure to visit the Show Notes page.

The Show Notes are available at IslamicLearningMaterials.com/Ghana

Here's some of what you'll find:

The transcript of this episode
Social media links to follow the podcast
Links to other related resources

You can support the Islamic History Podcast by doing one (or more) of the following:

Give a monthly pledge on Patreon
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You can do it all and more on the Show Notes page: IslamicLearningMaterials.com/Ghana

1d:T60d,In this episode, we explore the fragile balance of power during the later years of the Umayyad Caliphate under Caliph Hisham ibn Abdul Malik. Between 112–114 AH (731–733 CE), the empire faced crushing defeats on nearly every frontier. Yet Hisham refused to abandon his policy of ceaseless expansion. Temporary truces bought the Caliphate breathing room, but soon the armies were back in motion—sometimes roaring, sometimes limping—toward new campaigns. From 115–120 AH, the Umayyads managed a partial comeback. Victories against the Turgesh in Central Asia, renewed advances in Sindh, and territorial gains in France seemed to restore momentum. But these successes often proved hollow. Each campaign drained the Caliphate’s coffers and manpower, leaving little capacity to improve life for its citizens. Meanwhile, internal cracks widened. The Mawali, non-Arab converts to Islam, increasingly protested an unjust

Gao And Ghana