About this episode
Apr 2021
EP63: Propositional Logic منطق القضايا
1h 43m
Mar 2021
EP62: Categorical Syllogism القياس الحملي
1h 24m
Sep 2020
EP61: Categorical Propositions القضايا الحملية
1h 32m
Jul 2009
Logical Positivism
Melvyn Bragg discusses Logical Positivism, the eye-wateringly radical early 20th century philosophical movement. The Logical Positivists argued that much previous philosophy was built on very shaky foundations, and they wanted to go right back to the drawing board. They insisted ... Show More
42m 20s
Sep 2021
Rationalism versus empiricism
Rationalism says mathematical knowledge comes from within, from pure thought; empiricism that it comes from without, from experience and observation. Rationalism led Kepler to look for divine design in the universe, and Descartes to reduce all mechanical phenomena to contact mech ... Show More
43m 50s
Nov 2005
Pragmatism
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the American philosophy of pragmatism. A pragmatist "turns away from abstraction and insufficiency, from verbal solutions, from bad apriori reasons, from fixed principles, closed systems, and pretended absolutes and origins. He turns towards concre ... Show More
42m 1s
Dec 2020
The 1920s - Philosophy's Golden Age
Wittgenstein changed his mind, Heidegger revolutionised philosophy (and the German language), and both the Frankfurt School and the Vienna Circle were in full swing. Matthew Sweet is joined by Wolfram Eilenberger, David Edmonds and Esther Leslie. Plus, a report on the plight of t ... Show More
44m 44s
Oct 2014
Episode #039 ... The Limits of Empiricism
On this episode of the podcast, we explore the idea of reality and how our senses prevent us from perceiving its true nature. First, we launch a smear campaign against human eyes and their limitations. Next, we discuss the difference between deductive reasoning (the kind you see ... Show More
26m 57s
Jan 2015
Phenomenology
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss phenomenology, a style of philosophy developed by the German thinker Edmund Husserl in the first decades of the 20th century. Husserl's initial insights underwent a radical transformation in the work of his student Martin Heidegger, and played a ke ... Show More
46m 33s
Oct 2022
Ep 158: Knowledge and Ignorance Part 1
Part 1 of a new short series where I am commenting on Karl Popper's lecture "On the sources of knowledge and of ignorance". This paper sets the scene for the link between objective knowledge and fallibilism - refuting, as it does so, the empiricism of the classic British traditio ... Show More
48m 42s
Dec 2020
149. Phenomenology: Heidegger, Binswanger, Boss
In this lecture, 12th in the 2017 series, I discuss Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy of Being, interpreted through the eyes of the psychotherapists Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. The phenomenologists were attempting to reduce the painful separation between object and s ... Show More
53m 9s
Jun 2011
Philosophy in the real world
Nigel Warburton applies philosophical questions to every day life.
4m 50s
Nov 2013
Ordinary Language Philosophy
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Ordinary Language Philosophy, a school of thought which emerged in Oxford in the years following World War II. With its roots in the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ordinary Language Philosophy is concerned with the meanings of words as used in ev ... Show More
41m 57s
الوضعية المنطقية و التجريبية المنطقية شكلوا حركة الوضعية التجريبية الجديدة اللى ظهرت في منتصف القرن العشرين كتطور طبيعي للظروف التاريخية في الحضارة الغربية الاوروبية على وجهة التحديد. جوهر الحركة قائم علي نظرية التحقق ونظرية المعرفة اللى أكدت أن الجمل المعرفية ذات المعنى هى الجمل اللي من الممكن التحقق منها من خلال الملاحظة التجريبية فقط. الحركة ازدهرت في الع ... Show More
أى نظرية عامة للمنطق الأستنتاجي لابد وأن تحقق هدفين: الأول، تفسير العلاقات بين المقدمات والنتيجة داخل الحُجة. والثاني تقديم طرق وأدوات للتفريق ما بين الاستنتاج الصالح و الغير صالح. وفي الواقع هناك منظومتين فقط في تاريخ علم المنطق حاولتا التعامل مع هذين الهدفين، وهما منظومة المنطق ... Show More
القياس واحد من أقدم منظومات المنطق الكلاسيكي أو الصوري. و يرجع إلى مؤسس منظومة المنطق الكلاسيكي أرسطو تقريبا في المائة الثالثة قبل الميلاد. أرسطو أجمل تعريف القياس المنطقي كالاتي "قول مؤلف من قضايا إذا سلمت لزم عنها لذاتها قول آخر" .. فعند قولنا "العالم متغير، وكل متغير حادث" قد ... Show More
جوهر المنطق الكلاسيكي أو منطق أرسطو هو أنواع القضايا الأربعة التى بنى عليها أرسطو منظومته المنطقية، القضايا الكلية الموجبة ك-م ، القضايا الكلية السالبة ك-س ، القضايا الجزئية الموجبة ج-م ، القضايا الجزئية السالبة ج-س . هذة هي القضايا الاربعة هى التى بنى عليها كل القواعد المنطقية ا ... Show More