Carlos Rafael, known as "The Codfather," built a massive, vertically integrated commercial fishing empire in New Bedford, Massachusetts, eventually controlling over 25 percent of the region’s groundfish revenue. For decades, Rafael circumvented strict federal overfishing regulations through a prolific fraud scheme known as "painting fish," where his business intentionally misreported hundreds of thousands of pounds of restricted, high-value species like cod and sole as abundant, low-value haddock.