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國際時事跟讀 Ep. L048: 前所未有的晶片交易Unprecedented Chip Deal Between US and China
Highlights 主題摘要
The United States recently announced an extraordinary trade arrangement involving two major technology companies. Nvidia and AMD, leading semiconductor manufacturers, have agreed to pay the American government fifteen percent of their revenues from selling advanced chips to China. This unprecedented deal emerged after intensive lobbying efforts, particularly from Nvidia's chief executive Jensen Huang, who reportedly met with President Trump at the White House. The agreement represents a dramatic shift from earlier policies that completely banned these chip exports to China due to national security concerns.
美國最近宣布一項涉及兩家主要科技公司的非凡貿易協議。輝達和超微這兩家領先的半導體製造商同意將向中國銷售先進晶片的營收15%上繳美國政府。這項前所未有的協議是在密集遊說下達成的，特別是輝達執行長黃仁勳據報在白宮與川普總統會面後促成。該協議代表政策的戲劇性轉變，此前基於國安考量完全禁止這些晶片出口到中國。
The deal centers around specialized chips designed for the Chinese market. Nvidia's H20 chip and AMD's MI308 chip are modified versions of their flagship products, created to comply with export restrictions while accessing China's massive artificial intelligence market. Industry analysts estimate China's AI investment will reach approximately one hundred billion dollars this year, representing nearly fifty percent growth compared to last year. This enormous market potential explains why both companies accepted the unusual revenue-sharing requirement imposed by the US government to resume their Chinese operations.
這項協議主要圍繞在為中國市場設計的特殊晶片。輝達的H20晶片和超微的MI308晶片是其旗艦產品的修改版本，目的是在遵守出口限制的同時進入中國龐大的人工智慧市場。產業分析師預估中國的AI投資今年將達到約一千億美元，相較去年成長近50%。這個龐大的市場潛力解釋了為何兩家公司都接受美國政府施加的不尋常營收分潤要求，以便重啟中國業務。
The announcement triggered widespread criticism from security experts, former government advisers, and lawmakers across the political spectrum. Critics described the arrangement as unprecedented, with some calling it a "shakedown" that establishes a dangerous precedent for handling national security concerns. Democratic congressman Jake Auchincloss expressed alarm, stating that having the US government financially motivated to sell AI technology to China made him deeply concerned. Security specialists warned that these chips remain powerful accelerators of China's AI capabilities, potentially benefiting military applications including autonomous weapons systems and intelligence platforms.
這項宣布引發安全專家、前政府顧問和跨黨派立法者的廣泛批評。批評者將這項協議形容為史無前例，有些人稱之為「敲詐」，為處理國安問題創下危險先例。民主黨國會議員傑克．奧金克洛斯表達憂慮，表示美國政府在向中國銷售AI技術方面有經濟動機讓他深感擔憂。安全專家警告，這些晶片仍是中國AI能力的強大加速器，可能有助於包括自主武器系統和情報平台等軍事應用。
This revenue-sharing model raises fundamental questions about America's technology export strategy and national security priorities. Trade experts worry about implications for other US companies operating in China, questioning whether this represents a new taxation model on Chinese business dealings. While the arrangement could generate substantial revenue for the US government, critics argue that financial incentives should never influence national security decisions. The deal reflects the complex balance between economic interests and security concerns, potentially reshaping how future export control policies are developed and implemented in an era of intense technological competition.
這種營收分潤模式對美國的科技出口策略和國安優先事項造成了根本性問題。貿易專家擔心對其他在中國營運的美國公司造成影響，質疑這是否代表對中國業務往來的新課稅模式。儘管這項協議可能為美國政府帶來可觀收入，批評者認為經濟誘因絕不應影響國安決策。這項協議反映了經濟利益與安全考量之間的複雜平衡，可能重塑未來出口管制政策在激烈科技競爭時代的制定與實施方式。
Keyword Drills 關鍵字
Reference article:
1. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2ppgg0zvlo
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgvvnx8y19o