The pro-birth movement, known as pronatalism, has long been popular in certain politically conservative circles. But in recent years, it has begun to gain traction more broadly. Many view it not only as a means to slow the declining population, but also as a way to preserve culture. But others worry that the singular focus on having more babies is intentionally exclusive and ignores the issues of economic inequality and women’s reproductive rights. What exactly is pro-natalism? And why does it stir passionate debate?