Note: This is a visual-heavy episode. You can watch the lecture here.

The Arab Spring began in December 2010 when Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi’s desperate protest against corruption sparked uprisings that swept across North Africa and the Middle East. Dr. Roy explores how these revolts evolved from Egypt’s mass protests to Syria’s devastating civil war, and why many of the revolutions failed to produce lasting democracy. Blending historical context, firsthand experience, and deep analysis, Dr. Roy examines how colonial borders, foreign interference, economic despair, and authoritarian endurance all contributed to the Arab Spring’s rise and collapse.

Takeaways:

How the Arab world’s diversity, language, and shared identity connect back to ancient civilizations, often written out of Western history.
Why the fall of the Ottoman Empire and European imperialism set the foundation for modern unrest.
How Egypt’s revolutionary history shaped the 2011 uprising and why the country’s workers, youth, and “Ultras” became key forces of change.
The role of digital media and grassroots organizations in spreading revolt, and why the “Facebook Revolution” narrative oversimplified the truth.
The rise and fall of Egypt’s short-lived democracy under Hosni Mubarak, Mohamed Morsi, and Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
How the Arab Spring spread beyond the Arab world to Europe, Asia, and the United States through movements like Occupy Wall Street.
The collapse of Libya, Yemen, and Syria, and how global powers, including the U.S. and Russia, deepened regional chaos.
Why Tunisia stands as the lone partial success story and what its fragile democracy reveals about the long shadow of revolution.

Resources & References:

The Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Egyptian Constitution of 1956
Tunisia: Mohamed Bouazizi and the Jasmine Revolution
The Six-Day War
The Green Movement in Iran
The United Arab Republic
The Syrian Civil War and the Fall of Aleppo
Occupy Wall Street Manifesto

Beyond the podcast:

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Ep. 5 – The Struggle for Syria