Al-Fath meaning: "Victory" , "Triumph" is the 48th chapter of the Qur'an with 29 verses
The surah was revealed in Madinah in the sixth year of the Hijrah, on the occasion of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah between the Muslim city-state of Madinah and Makkan polytheists. It mentions this victory, then criticizes the attitudes of the hypocrites, continues with further promises to the Muslims, and ends by mentioning certain important virtues of the Muslim community
The chapter gets its name from the opening verse, which states "Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph..." in direct reference to the Treaty which was signed through cooperation between the opposing forces and without bloodshed. The reason this treaty, and therefore chapter, is called a "clear triumph" is largely believed to be because of its peaceful nature
Summary
Mecca mentioned in Quranic manuscript Codex Arabe 331 (Q48:24)
- 1-3 The victory (at Ḳhaibar) the earnest of the pardon of the sins of the Prophet
- 4-7 The mighty God the comforter of true believers, but the punisher of hypocrites
- 8-10 Loyalty to Muhammad is loyalty to God
- 11-14 Bedouin Arabs denounced for their treachery at Hudaibiyah and their subsequent hypocrisy
- 15-16 The Bedouin Arabs refused a share of the booty taken at Ḳhaibar, but encouraged with promises
- 17 Those alone excused from going to war who are incapacitated
- 18-19 Muslim fidelity at Hudaibiyah rewarded by the victory at Ḳhaibar and much spoil taken there
- 20-24 Many spoils assured to the believers though God had prevented the plunder of Makkah
- 25-26 God spared Makkah in the expedition to Hudaibiyah out of compassion
- 27-29 The conquest of Makkah the divine attestation to Muhammad’s apostleship and the religion of Islam
Predictions
- God would help the believers and favor them with great victories;
- those who stayed behind from the Campaign of Minor Pilgrimage would try to excuse themselves with false pretexts;
- they would desire to participate in the campaign against Khaybar that was to take place following the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the aim of taking gains of war;
- the Muslims would have to fight against powerful tribes or states in the future;
- the Muslims would take abundant war-gains in battles to come in the future;
- the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions would visit the Ka'bah in safety, thus completing the Minor Pilgrimage the year after they had intended;
- God would complete His favor upon the Messenger;
- Islam would continue to flourish so powerfully and speedily that it would amaze both Muslims and others
