Luqman[1] (Arabic: لقمان, romanized: luqmān) is the 31st chapter of the Islamic holy book, the Qur'an. It is composed of 34 verses and takes its title from the mention of the sage Luqman and his advice to his son in verses 12–19. According to Islamic traditional chronology (asbāb al-nuzūl), it was revealed in the middle of Muhammad's Meccan period, and is thus usually classified as a Meccan surah
The focus of this sura, once broken down into its many elements, can be seen as emphasizing principles of moderation.[3] The sura uses the mustard seed analogy to emphasize the degree to which God maintains his purview over man's actions, possibly emphasizing the fact that any evil or good deed no matter how small is recorded and will be brought out by Allah in the Day of Judgement.[4] A final point of focus for Sura 31 comes down to the purpose of God's creation. 31:29 and 31:20 show how God's intention through creation was to better mankind, and his signs are theoretically everywhere, from rain to vegetation. This emphasis once again reminds people of their subservience to Allah while also driving home the idea that man is meant to do good on Earth. Man's purpose is to serve God, while the Earth has been created in order to facilitate man's needs
Ayat (verses)
1-2 The Quran a direction and mercy to the righteous
3-4 The righteous described
5-6 An unbeliever rebuked for his contempt for the Quran
7-8 Blessed rewards of the righteous
9-10 God the Creator of heaven and earth
11 Luqman gifted with wisdom
12, 15-17 Luqmán’s discourse to his son
13-14 Parenthesis on the duty of children to their parents
18 Modesty and humility enjoined
19 God’s favour to mankind
19-20 The unreasonableness of infidel contention
21 The security of true believers
22-23 The certain punishment of unbelief
24-25 Praise to God, the self-sufficient Creator
26 God’s words infinite in number
27 Man’s creation an evidence of God’s sovereignty
28-29 The heavens declare the glory of God
30-31 The ingratitude of idolaters to God
32-34 Men warned to prepare for judgment[7]