John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein in 1892.
Orphaned before he was a teenager, he fought at the Somme in the First World War before going on to become one of the best-selling authors of all time.
Bilbo, Gandalf, Gollum, Frodo, Sauron - these are just a few of the famous characters he created for The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Nominating Tolkien - an Oxford University professor - is the popular historian, Niall Ferguson. He aims to rescue Tolkien from the hippies, who, he says, claimed Tolkien as their own.
"The fascinating thing to me about Tolkien is that his sensibility is so profoundly conservative - with a small 'c'. ...when you look at the man's politics, he was such a reactionary!"
Presenter Matthew Parris, who doesn't believe in elves or dwarves, is not so sure that the fantasy author deserves to be rescued.
With additional help and guidance from Malcolm Guite.
Niall Ferguson is senior fellow of the Hoover Institution and author of Empire: How Britain made the Modern World.
Producer: Ellie Richold
First broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in December 2021.
